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Эффективные мнемотехнические приёмы

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мнемотехнические приёмы

Очень скоро прозвонит Первый звонок, а миллионы школьников и студентов снова начнут неравную борьбу со знаниями. Кто победит в этой вечной битве, большинство узнает в период сдачи сессии и ЕГЭ. А ведь экзамены — это большая умственная нагрузка и огромный стресс для всего организма. Чтобы избежать информационной перегрузки и активизировать скрытый потенциал памяти, необходимо правильно распределить время на подготовку и освоить основные мнемотехнические приёмы. 

Основные мнемотехнические приёмы: как правильно распределить время на подготовку

Дни перед важным экзаменом — настоящий марафон, который может довести до нервного истощения, если не понимать принципов умственной работоспособности. Успешность усвоения больших объёмов информации во многом зависит от правильно организованного режима дня. 
Физиологи утверждают, что мозг в подростковом и юношеском возрасте способен выдерживать непрерывную умственную работу в течение 45 минут (как, например, уроки в школе). После чего необходим перерыв на 10–15 минут. В это время лучшего всего сделать небольшую разминку, гимнастику для глаз или просто спокойно полежать, полностью расслабившись. Лёгкая релаксационная музыка также способствует полноценному восстановлению. 

После 3–4 подобных циклов (45 минут подготовки и 15 минут отдыха), необходимо сделать длинную паузу в обучении на час-полтора. В это время нужно пообедать и отправится на пешую прогулку в парк. Ни в коем случаи нельзя пренебрегать этой рекомендацией, так как небольшая физическая активность на свежем воздухе улучшает кровообращение и работоспособность мозга. 
Вернувшись с прогулки, можно с новыми силами браться за билеты. Стоит ограничиться ещё 3–4 циклами, и примерно в 18.00–19.00 закончить занятия. Вечером происходит естественный спад мозговой активности, поэтому нет никакого смысла продолжать усердное обучение. Сытный ужин и прогулка на свежем воздухе — идеальное завершение дня. Во время интенсивной подготовки следует ограничить работу за компьютером, пребывание в интернете, просмотр телевизора. Это только на первый взгляд может показаться отдыхом, а на самом деле подобное времяпрепровождение даёт дополнительно лишнюю информационную нагрузку. Самые «тяжёлые» билеты лучше всего заучивать в первой половине дня, тогда материал усвоится легче. 

приемы запоминанияНагрузку важно правильно распределить по времени. Например, если до сдачи экзамена осталось 3 дня, то первый день будет своеобразной разминкой, второй — самым эффективным и работоспособным, а на третий — произойдёт естественный спад мозговой активности. Согласно такой цикличности и нужно распределить нагрузку, то есть самые важные и сложные билеты учить на второй день. 

Предэкзаменационный вечер — это время для полноценного отдыха. А самый лучший способ восстановить силы — здоровый, крепкий сон. Уже давно известно, что именно сон способствует усвоению, полученной за день информации. К тому же учёные доказали, что во сне происходит консолидация памяти: закрепление пройденного материала и его перевод из краткосрочной в долгосрочную память. Чем больше информации необходимо выучить, тем больше времени нужно уделить сну. Вот почему бессонные ночи накануне экзамена не обеспечивают его успешную сдачу и запоминание материала в целом.

Эффективные мнемотехнические техники

школьницаПомочь в освоении трудного материала призваны мнемотехники — приёмы быстрого и эффективного запоминания. Большинство из них можно освоить самостоятельно. Например, широкое применение получила техника «Ассоциации». Она позволяет запоминать сложные даты, события и названия, связывая их с другими знакомыми понятиями. Таким образом выстраивается ассоциативная связь, которая и закрепляет в памяти новую информацию.

Если вам предстоит выучить множество сложных терминов, то эффективнее всего это можно сделать, используя метод «Составления предложений». Попробуйте придумать небольшую историю, в которой каждый термин станет частью отдельного предложения. Проговорив такой рассказ несколько раз, вы без труда запомните нужные понятия.

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